The player must also never look at the monsters because if Daniel stares at them too long, his sanity will be fully compromised. The player must evade the monsters entirely, but this will affect Daniel's sanity as to hide from the monsters, the player must also hide in the dark. As Daniel loses sanity, the world will distort and become hard to navigate and the monsters will be able to sense the player. If Daniel remains in the dark for too long, he will gradually lose his sanity.

Oil will allow Daniel to use a lamp to provide him with light and tinderboxes can be used to light candles and torches strewn throughout the mansion. It is often necessary to scour every corner for oil and tinderboxes. In order to stay sane, he must keep moving and pushing the plot forward, as well as making sure there is always light. Along with self-preservation, the players must keep the hero sane. Daniel cannot fight monsters and the only choice is to run or hide. The game takes place from a first person perspective, however there are no weapons. The player must solve the mystery of the mansion while running from a Shadow that is constantly chasing the player throughout the game. Gameplay has the player searching for Daniel's diaries and other notes and journals of the poor souls who have crossed Baron Alexander. The only clues to Daniel's true identity are mementos and notes left behind by Daniel himself, who reminds himself to find and kill Alexander. In Amnesia: The Dark Descent, the player takes on the role of Daniel, an amnesiac man trapped in the mansion of a Prussian Baron named Alexander.

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